KAMPALA, Uganda (AP) 鈥� Forty years. That鈥檚 how long President has been in power.
The 81-year-old was sworn in Tuesday for a seventh consecutive term to extend his presidency over a further five years that may well be his last 鈥� although not necessarily for the Museveni family.
Army chief Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba, the president’s , oversaw dayslong rehearsals of the military parade that animated the inauguration of Museveni, with Russian-made Sukhoi fighter jets flying noisily over official ceremonial grounds in Kampala, the Ugandan capital.
Museveni took the oath of office and received the ceremonial instruments of power while being cheered by thousands attending the event in the Kampala suburb of Kololo. The president urged Ugandans to work hard and build wealth for their families, citing the stories of individuals whose entrepreneurial spirit had paid off.
鈥淣o more excuses,鈥� he said.
Many Ugandans now accept that Museveni鈥檚 presidency 鈥� the only one that many millions of them have known 鈥� is nearing its end.
What remains uncertain is the nature of the transition and how orderly things would be in the time he has left in office.
Two possible routes to the top
Kainerugaba looks poised to take over. He has declared his wish to succeed his father and said recently that the mission is unstoppable.
Still, his path is narrow and could follow one of two ways: either a bloodless but unconstitutional takeover by Kainerugaba or a constitutional amendment that allows lawmakers with the ruling party 鈥� which has an overwhelming majority 鈥� to pick him as Museveni鈥檚 successor. An electoral win is seen as a hurdle too high for Kainerugaba, whose challengers would include opposition leader , the popular entertainer who has twice run for president and that gave Museveni his next term.
Anita Among, the parliamentary speaker, said last month that legislators would do everything possible to assist Kainerugaba in his pursuit of the presidency.
鈥淔or the sake of MK, just assure MK that we will do whatever it takes,鈥� Among told a group of lawmakers celebrating the general’s birthday, mentioning Kainerugaba’s initials. 鈥淚n the 11th parliament, the opposition got swallowed. In the 12th parliament, it is going to be walloped.鈥�
In addition to the speaker, many other leaders have been scampering to show allegiance to Kainerugaba. While their moves display a quest for political survival, they also underscore Kainerugaba鈥檚 rise as Uganda鈥檚 de facto leader as his father ages and relies more on the army chief to exercise authority.
鈥淢any Ugandans close to power have learned this lesson. That the president is old and exhausted, both intellectually and physically,鈥� Andrew Mwenda, a close ally and friend of Kainerugaba, wrote last month in The Independent online newspaper. 鈥淗e has a limited ability to monitor many things across a large spectrum of sectors.鈥�
Kainerugaba, 52, joined the army in the late 1990s, and his rise to the top of the armed forces has been controversial, with critics dubbing it the 鈥淢uhoozi Project鈥� to prepare him for the presidency.
Museveni and Kainerugaba denied the existence of such a scheme, but it has become apparent in the last two years that
Museveni, who has not said when he will retire, has no rivals within the ruling party 鈥� the reason many believe the military will have a say in choosing his successor.
鈥淲hile people are waiting for the legal transition from Museveni, the de facto transition has already happened,鈥� said Angelo Izama, an analyst who runs the Uganda-based Fanaka Kwawote think tank. 鈥淜ainerugaba, more than the president, is the final voice on defense and security matters.鈥�
A more confrontational style than his father’s
Kainerugaba鈥檚 associates describe him as a dedicated military officer who often eschews ostentatious displays of wealth. He attended military schools in the U.S. and Britain before taking charge of a presidential guard unit that has since been expanded into an elite group of special forces.
In addition to his military duties, he is the founder of a political activist group known as the Patriotic League of Uganda. Its members and well-wishers range from government ministers to businesspeople.
But Kainerugaba lacks the public charisma and folksy style of Museveni, who has kept power in part by striking deals with his political rivals and even convincing some to serve in his government. Kainerugaba’s style is more confrontational, expressed often in . He has ordered the arrest over alleged corruption of multiple generals, including some known to have once been his friends.
Museveni first took power by force in 1986 as the leader of a guerrilla force whose goal was to democratize Uganda after years of chaos and civil war. He said at the time that Africa鈥檚 problem was leaders who overstayed their welcome. Much later, he changed his stance to say his criticism was of leaders who prolonged their rule without an electoral mandate.
Museveni, a U.S. ally on regional security, is often credited with presiding over relative peace and stability. But many others see an increasingly authoritarian streak at odds with his early promise of democracy. Term and age limits have been scrapped and or sidelined.
Lawmakers recently passed a punitive bill whose stated purpose is , but which drew widespread concern over its potential to hurt the work of non-governmental organizations and opposition groups.
The legislation forbids an 鈥渁gent of a foreigner鈥� from obtaining grants or other monetary support from external sources exceeding 400 million Ugandan shillings 鈥� roughly $110,000 today 鈥� within a 12-month period without the approval of the interior minister.
Wine’s party, the National Unity Platform, condemned the legislation as 鈥渦nconstitutional, irrelevant and brought in bad faith to further persecute those with divergent views.鈥�
___
AP Africa news:
Copyright © 2026 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, written or redistributed.
