After Canadian brought extremely poor to Detroit in the summers of and , Michigan is updating how it communicates air quality risks to residents this year.
The state is streamlining a system with the emergence of severe smoke impacts. The state will issue an air quality alert anytime fine particulate matter or ozone levels climb into the federal 鈥渦nhealthy for sensitive groups,鈥� or orange range, said Jim Haywood, senior meteorologist with the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, Energy (EGLE).
The agency previously issued alerts when the air quality index, or AQI, was forecast for the 鈥渦nhealthy,鈥� or red, range, while advisories were issued for levels in the orange range.
Haywood said forecasting models are improving, but he doesn鈥檛 like forecasting smoke conditions for Michigan beyond a 24-to-48-hour time frame.
It can be difficult to predict where smoke traveling over long distances will go, and if it will affect air quality or remain well above ground-level, he said.
Haywood recommends the Environmental Protection Agency鈥檚 webpage to access an air quality forecast for the next 48 hours. The EPA鈥檚 system provides local air quality alerts.
and 鈥檚 private air monitoring networks offer more localized air monitoring data.
A for ground-level smoke that covers most of the U.S. and Canada is available from FireSmoke Canada.
Fire conditions in Canada, western U.S.
The managing director of the research partnership Canada Wildfire said he expects fewer fires north of the border than last year, but the possible emergence of an El Ni帽o weather pattern could lead to greater fire risk in late summer in western Canada.
are present in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, but recent storms have improved conditions in some areas, Canada Wildfire鈥檚 Brian Wiens told Planet Detroit.
If an El Ni帽o weather pattern sets in, it could lead to hot weather in Alberta and British Columbia, and greater fire risk, he said.
In the United States, officials predict a severe fire season in the West at the beginning of the summer, as every state except Michigan and North Dakota is experiencing some level of .
The National Interagency Fire Center鈥檚 April forecasts significant fire potential in much of the South and Southwest in April and May, while large portions of the West are at increased risk for wildfire in June and July.
Most of the the country should see above average temperatures while much of the West is predicted to have below-average precipitation, according to the from the National Weather Service鈥檚 Climate Prediction Center.
Climate change, including increased heat and drought, has and extent of U.S. wildfires over the last two decades, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Temperatures are above normal across nearly all of the western U.S., and precipitation is below normal, said Scott Stearns, fire warning coordination meteorologist at the National Weather Service. The drought and low precipitation could set up a more active fire season in the U.S., at least through July, he said.
Stearns expects an expansion of drought conditions in the West, adding that a possible above-average monsoon season in the Southwest could complicate the fire outlook.
Wet weather may put a damper on the fire season, Stearns said. Yet storms may also lead to lightning and new fire starts, and they can supercharge vegetation growth that dries out and becomes fuel.
The ability of especially large fires to create weather conditions that are conducive to even more fire complicates predictions, he said.
Protect yourself from wildfire smoke
Children, pregnant people, and older adults are often most at risk from air pollution, Laina Stebbins, a spokesperson for the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS), said in a statement.
鈥淪tudies have shown that exposure to higher levels of outdoor air pollution is associated with increased emergency department visits, hospitalizations and even deaths,鈥� Stebbins said.
Wildfire smoke contains large amounts of , which is 30 times smaller than a human hair, allowing it to lodge itself in lung cells and move into the bloodstream. It鈥檚 associated with cardiopulmonary illnesses, premature mortality, and mental health issues.
The MDHHS recommends that residents use an air purifier to protect themselves from wildfire smoke; run air conditioning; and use a MERV-13 filter, or better, for both.
If your air conditioner has a fresh air option, MDHHS advises closing the intake. Window units are acceptable if they have tight seals between the unit and window and a recirculation mode to prevent outside air from entering the home.
People without access to an air purifier or air conditioning could consider setting up a 鈥� 鈥� where levels of smoke and particulates are kept as low as possible, or building a with a box fan and MERV-13 air filter, according to MDHHS.
If you must go outside in heavy air pollution, MDHHS recommends using an N95 or P100 respirator marked with 鈥淣IOSH.鈥� KN95 and KF94 respirators can also be used if the first choices are not available. More information is available in .
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