Takeaways from AP鈥檚 profile of a Christian IVF doctor

Dr. John Gordon, a Christian IVF doctor, was co-director of a large fertility clinic when he started to have doubts about his profession.

He was troubled over helping create surplus embryos, which would often languish in storage or be discarded. With the expansion of genetic testing, couples could choose the sex of their baby. They could screen out painful or fatal diseases, but also milder impairments like hearing loss.

鈥淲hat are children?鈥� he asked recently. 鈥淚 mean, are they a gift from the Lord or are they just a product where you鈥檙e trying to manufacture the best product you can?鈥�

In 2019, Gordon relocated from suburban Washington, D.C., to Knoxville, Tennessee, to create a . Rejoice Fertility does not discard viable embryos, genetically test them or donate them to science. It facilitates and tries to limit the number of embryos created.

What is IVF?

Used to treat infertility, is an assisted reproductive technology that combines sperm and egg in a lab to create an embryo. The embryo can be frozen and later transferred to a patient鈥檚 uterus in hopes of achieving a pregnancy.

More than 100,000 U.S. babies were born through IVF in 2024, the most recorded in a single year, according to a recent announcement from the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. Medical experts estimate about 1.5 million frozen embryos are stored in the U.S., though advocates say that number could be higher.

IVF is controversial for some Christians

For Christians and anti-abortion activists who believe life begins with fertilization, IVF can present challenges because of the risks it poses to embryos. Some Christians also believe reproduction should not be separated from marital sex, making IVF and some fertility interventions off-limits.

The Catholic Church has long opposed IVF, and evangelicals are increasingly grappling with it. In 2024, the the largest U.S. Protestant denomination, called for IVF restrictions when it destroys 鈥渆mbryonic human life.鈥�

Gordon belongs to the Presbyterian Church in America, an evangelical Reformed denomination. His local church has been supportive of Rejoice鈥檚 mission.

The wider debate

Recent legal decisions have prompted questions about IVF, from the U.S. Supreme Court ending federal abortion rights to the designating embryos as children. IVF remains though, and President Donald Trump has taken steps to .

Gordon believes his practice addresses many moral concerns. As he said, 鈥淚 need to practice in a way that I can live with the decisions I鈥檓 making.鈥�

A Christian approach

Rejoice tries to limit surplus embryos. Gordon asks patients for their ideal family size and tailors their treatment around it.

His patients often choose minimal stimulation IVF, or 鈥渕ini-IVF,鈥� which uses less fertility medication and generally results in fewer eggs. Patients may then opt to fertilize fewer eggs, yielding fewer embryos. Patients can also choose natural cycle IVF, which retrieves one egg produced during a woman鈥檚 regular monthly cycle. Other clinics offer these options but Rejoice is unusual in prioritizing them.

The downside is if patients go through their limited embryos and need another IVF cycle, which typically costs between $8,000 and 10,000 at Rejoice. Despite that expense, Gordon said his patients largely want to create fewer embryos because of their beliefs.

Embryo adoption is an option

In rare cases when his patients have unused embryos, Gordon asks them to be placed for adoption. Embryo donations are known as within conservative Christian circles, which view embryos not as property but as children waiting to be adopted.

The clinic recently launched Rejoice Embryo Rescue, which Gordon calls an 鈥渙rphanage.鈥� The clinic stores donated embryos and works with agencies, most of them Christian, that specialize in coordinating embryo adoptions.

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Associated Press religion coverage receives support through the AP鈥檚 with The Conversation US, with funding from Lilly Endowment Inc. The AP is solely responsible for this content.

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